UNIX

basic unix commands

• clear: clears the screen
• pwd: path to working directory
• ls: list (files, directories, executables)
• cd: change directory
• mkdir: make directory
• rmdir: remove directory, cant be used if directory has things in it
• cp: copy (copy one file to another, can also be used to rename)
• mv: move (move one file into another directory, can also be used to rename it)
• rm: remove file
• chmod: change permissions, 4 is read, 2 is write, 1 is run, 1st position is you, second position is group, third position is everyone.
• cat: or con'cat'enate, a read-only text reader for terminals

unix concepts

shells vs. machines

there are two wildcards: * and ?. ? takes the place of a single character in a filename/thing, and * takes the place of every single character after its position (ie mv ca? will move all things caa, cab, cac, cad... while mv ca* will move cat catb, catbd, cabdh, cabhsdfhsjf...)

you can access vim by using vim (filename). very exciting

here is g++ syntax (compiling, linking, renaming c++ files):

• g++ -c [filename.cpp] compiles the script and links libraries into an object file
• g++ -o [desiredexecutablename] [filename.o] renames the object file into your beloved desired executable name

you can also use g++ [filename.cpp] as a shortcut but you will have to manually rename your resulting a.out file. running a.out alone means you might get weird leftover garbage junk nonsense

basic c++ program stuff

c++ program features

underflow refers to subtracting a number enough that it straight up turns into a bigger number. overflow returns to a tinier number.